Volume I: County Durham and Northumberland

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Current Display: Billingham 14, Durham Forward button Back button
Overview
Present Location
Window-sill in south aisle
Evidence for Discovery
None
Church Dedication
St Cuthbert
Present Condition
Damaged by recutting for use as building stone
Description

A (broad): The horizontal arm of a type G1 cross, with a circular centre survives; the uprights, but not the terminals, of the other arms also survive. The cross is incised and has been laid out geometrically. The lines of the straight-edge and the holes for the compass points are still visible.

B and D (narrow): Uncarved and mostly cut away.

C (broad): A cross, type B6, with a ringed centre is carved in relief within a fine flat-band circular moulding. The mark of the compass point for describing the circle is still visible.

Discussion

The ill-proportioned cross on A (compare 13) and the lack of a border set this apart from other early incised stones. It seems probable, as has been suggested (Morris 1974, 51), that the composition was never finished. It could have been contemporary with other slabs which bear this type of incised cross (see Lindisfarne 25-30, and Hartlepool 0 and 8), and merely be incompetent workmanship, or the cross could have been of the same date as the relief cross on the other side but a trial by a carver for whom such incised crosses were not a normal form. The other face, on which the arms of the cross are overlaid and enlaced by the ring, is competently done. The craftsman still uses a compass and chisel, but the encircled overlapping crossing of the centre seems a late fashion. Such a motif created by interlace is in the centre of Anglo-Scandinavian cross-heads at Aycliffe and Gainford.

Date
Second half of ninth century(?)
References
Gilbert 1946-50, 204, fig. 4A; Morris 1974, 50-2, pl. 4; Morris 1976, 140
Endnotes
1. The following are general references to the Billingham stones: Longstaffe 1858, 82; Hodges 1887-8a, 126; Hodges 1923-4c, 280; Fisher 1962, 50; Taylor 1978, 747.

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