Volume 2: Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire-North-of-the-Sands

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Current Display: Muncaster 01, Cumberland Forward button Back button
Overview
Present Location
Churchyard, south of church
Evidence for Discovery
First recorded in churchyard in 1816 (Lysons and Lysons 1816, cci)
Church Dedication
St Michael and All Angels
Present Condition
Good
Description

Slab-like cross-shaft with circle-head, type 3. All faces of the shaft are divided into two panels which are not, however, distinguished from each other by any border. The upper panel occupies most of the height of the shaft and is bordered laterally by a roll moulding; the lower panel is not clearly bordered laterally. Below the lower panel is an undecorated area, part of which is now inserted into a modern socket.

A (broad): A curved plain band separates the (now-lost) ornament on the head from the upper panel on the shaft, which is decorated with ring-chain (G.I., fig. 26 cvii) running the full length of the panel below a triquetra. The lower panel carries a step pattern of type 2.

B (narrow): Broad simple twist on the main panel and a step pattern of type 2 on the narrow lower panel.

C (broad): Broad six-strand plain plait on the main panel and step pattern of type 2 on the narrow lower panel.

D (narrow): Broad two-strand twist on the main panel and step pattern of type 2 on the lower panel.

Discussion

On the basis of what remains on face C, the head can best be reconstructed as a circle-head; the layout of ornament on the broad faces, with its combination of long panels set over a narrow band of ornament, is certainly characteristic of the circle-head group (see Aspatria 1 and Dearham 1). The Borre-style ring-chain and the interlace are both worked in broad, flat strands which are used elsewhere in Viking-age carving in Cumbria (e.g. Kirkby Stephen 1).

Date
Tenth to eleventh century
References
Lysons and Lysons 1816, cci, pl. facing cci; Jefferson 1842, 228; Mannix and Whellan 1847, 336; Whellan 1860, 8, 492; Knowles 1878, 96, 97, pl. facing 95; Stephens 1884–9, 25–6; Allen 1885, 355; Allen 1887b, 250; Calverley 1899a, 238, 295, pl. facing 238; Collingwood 1901a, 272, pl. 272; Kermode 1907, 40, 44; Scott 1920, 354; Collingwood 1923c, 267; Reitzenstein 1924, 185–6, fig. 10; Parker 1926, 171, fig. on 119; Collingwood 1927a, 148, 155, fig. 182; Collingwood 1928c, 326; Kendrick 1949, 63; Shetelig 1948, 84; Fair 1950, 93, 97; Shetelig 1954b, 128, 131; Bu'lock 1958, 4, 10; Pevsner 1967, 165; Bailey 1974a, I, 106–11, 133, II, 205–6, pls.; Wilson 1976a, 502; Wilson 1978, 141; Wilson 1984, 143; Bailey forthcoming a
Endnotes

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