Volume 3: York and Eastern Yorkshire

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Current Display: Hovingham 01, Eastern Yorkshire Forward button Back button
Overview
Present Location
Mounted in baldachino over altar
Evidence for Discovery
Removed from tower in summer of 1925 and placed in south aisle (Collingwood 1929a, 111); reset in present location in early 1980s
Church Dedication
All Saints
Present Condition
Base broken, face C almost obliterated, and faces B and D partly obscured by mortar; otherwise crisp
Description

The fragment consists of the complete upper section of a round-shaft derivative cross (G.I., fig. 1, g). The arms are of type B10, except for the upper arm, which is of type A10. At the base of the fragment are remains of the swag curving away from the corners. The four faces of the shaft carried identical ornament.

A (broad): The cross-head is free-armed and stumpy: type 10 with extremely short splayed arms and round sub-circular arm-pits. Its perimeter has a plain moulding. In the centre is a defaced, domed boss (contra Collingwood's drawing), around which runs an interlace executed with broad, flat strands. These form a Stafford Knot terminal in all four arms, being preceded by a free ring and long diagonals in the vertical arms. The strands are in fact a series of joined ribbon profile beasts; their pointed snouts are in the corners of the arms and their extended ears run parallel to their bodies as far as the first interlace crossing, in effect forming short lengths of median-incised strand. Against the arm-pits are irregular S-shaped fillers and a triskele; others lie near the boss.

A plain edge moulding runs down each edge of the shaft, swings into a curving swag just above the fracture, but does not appear at the top of the panel. The panel contains two entwined serpents, the head of one in the top left and the other's in the bottom right. Their tails occupy the other corners. Their bodies are composed of broad, flat strands. The heads are seen from above and have a pointed snout with a vertical incision. The eyes are large ovals set into the head. The tails taper to a point. The bodies form three registers of simple pattern F (Carrick Bends) with glides, set horizontally.

B and D (narrow): The ends of the arms carry a pair of closed circuit loops within a flat-band moulding. The design on the shaft is identical to that on face A, narrowed to fit the available space.

C (broad): Damaged, but apparently as face A.

Discussion

This cross should be compared with Middleton 3 (Ills. 682–5). The animal-head terminals, free-armed form, and round-shaft quality, are closely related, and the two crosses could be by the same hand. The swag type of round-shaft derivative is also found on Ellerburn 5 (Ill. 432), and that class of monument seems to have been more common in eastern Northumbria than hitherto appreciated. The free-armed cross probably represents continuing Anglian traditions but some details of the animal ornament are convincingly Scandinavian. The snake-head seen from above is found on the bone toggle from the Thames (Wilson and Klindt-Jensen 1966, pl. XLV f) and on the serpent of the combat scene on the Jellinge stone (ibid., pl. XLIX). The profile ribbon beast head is in the Jellinge style, with trailing lappet. The combination of form and ornament in this monument make it the epitome of the term Anglo-Scandinavian. The broad, flat strands of the interlace have local late Anglian prototypes: for example, Filey 1 (Ill. 450).

Date
Tenth century
References
Collingwood 1929a, 111–12, fig.
Endnotes
1. The following are general references to the Hovingham stones: McDonnell 1963, 56; Lang 1989, 1.

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