Volume 3: York and Eastern Yorkshire

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Current Display: Levisham 01, Eastern Yorkshire Forward button Back button
Overview
Present Location
Lost
Evidence for Discovery
First recorded in 1907, built into south-east corner of chancel, outside (Collingwood 1907, 360). Removed and taken into church by P. Hill in 1977.
Church Dedication
St Mary
Present Condition
Unobtainable
Description

The lower part of the shaft seems intact.

A (broad): Plain edge mouldings terminate in inward turning spirals, whilst an inner moulding is simply incised. Between the spirals is a pendant arrow-head terminal; there may be picked eyes upon it, in which case it is zoomorphic. Below this the stone is undecorated. Within the panel is a standing figure, portrayed frontally in a kirtle and belt with a horizontal sheath. The legs and feet are shown in profile. The head and shoulders are lost. A pellet lies between the legs and another is at the left-hand side. Flanking the legs are zig-zag snakes.

B (narrow): There are thin double mouldings terminating in inward turning spirals, the inner moulding being in the form of a two-strand twist. Within the panel, a third narrow, plain moulding contains a run of bungled interlace, perhaps a form of four-strand plain plait, which terminates in a pendant arrow-head between the scrolls. The lower part of the face is undecorated.

C (broad): Plain double mouldings terminate towards the bottom in spirals. Within the panel is the U-shaped rump of a profile beast with double outline and transverse fetters. Its tail is extended and a scroll serves as a filler, being a terminal of a disorganized band which meanders down between the scrolls of the edge mouldings. This infill fits inside a pendant V-shaped band in the centre which has flanking spirals which coil in a contrary direction to the spirals above. The base of the face is uncarved. The cutting is deep and there is some modelling.

D (narrow): There are thin double mouldings, terminating towards the bottom in inward-turning spirals. Between the scrolls is a pendant arrow-head, which forms the terminal of an interlace, apparently a form of half pattern B, executed in flattish strands. The base of the face is damaged, but was apparently uncarved.

Discussion

This eclectic monument brings together a number of motifs from other Ryedale sites, though the handling of the borders is original. The terminal scrolls are found at Sinnington and Kirkbymoorside but nowhere else; they may be a local reflex of erupting scrolls such as those on the Newgate shaft at York. The pendant arrow-head is unique to Levisham. It may derive from decorative swags on round-shaft derivative crosses, for example, Lastingham 1. The human figure is closely related to the Middleton series of portraits but is by a different hand, as the cutting techniques confirm. The figure probably slightly post-dates the Middleton portraits. The S-beast of face C also has parallels in Pickering 1 (Ill. 751), and Ellerburn 1 (Ill. 427). The Levisham fettering is much looser, however, another indication of the carver's individuality asserting itself despite the eclecticism.

Date
Tenth century
References
Home 1905, 87; Collingwood 1907, 360, fig. c on 361; Collingwood 1912a, 125; Hall and Lang 1986, 67–9, 80 (no. 3), 65, fig. 10, 70, pl. 3
Endnotes

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