Volume 2: Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire-North-of-the-Sands

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Current Display: Stanwix, Cumberland Forward button Back button
Overview
Present Location
Carlisle Museum and Art Gallery, no. 43-1947
Evidence for Discovery
Found in March 1947 in garden of Old Croft, Stanwix (Hogg 1947, 239)
Church Dedication
not known
Present Condition
Broken upper and left arm; otherwise good; restored for exhibition
Description

Cross-head, type 10B, but with tall upper arm and right-angled arm-pits. The decoration on the two broad faces is bordered by a grooved moulding.

A (broad): The two surviving arms are filled by Stafford knots whose strands connect to the opposing (not adjacent) arms. A free ring surrounds the crossing. The strands are formed of broad rectangles 'stopped' against each other at crossing points; there is a pellet between knot and circle in the upper arm.

B (narrow): Undecorated.

C (broad): A central boss in low relief is surrounded in the restoration by a Stafford knot in the upper arm and a four strand plain plait in the horizontal arms, all formed by strands similar to those on face A.

Discussion

The free-armed head with tall upper member is in an Anglian tradition (e.g. Collingwood 1927a, fig. 63) and the use of Stafford knots in the arms also has a long history in Insular sculpture. The square arm-pits and the broad flat units of the interlace strands, however, are characteristic of Viking-period carving (see Kirkby Stephen 1 and Muncaster 1).

The use of strands connecting opposing arms of the cross is rare in England, Wales and Scotland but it is ubiquitous amongst Viking-age carvings on Man where it is frequently associated, as here, with a ringed crossing (Ill. 681). Outside Man only Barochan, Renfrewshire, where there is a double ring, has an encircled crossing of this kind (Allen 1903, fig. 475), and like Stanwix should probably be seen as a reflex of a Manx fashion.

Date
Tenth century
References
Hogg 1947, fig. on 240; Bailey 1960c; Bailey 1974a, I, 263–7, 381, II, 236, pls.; Bailey 1980, 214, 219, fig. 62; Bailey 1984, 24
Endnotes

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