As Ilkley 1

See Ilkley 1

All Saints

This is more weathered than when drawn by Collingwood in 1915, although it was clearly worn then.

Unlike Ilkley 2, this shaft is panelled on all faces. The edge mouldings are very worn, and it is not now clear whether these were squared or rounded.

A (broad): Two panels survive, separated by a narrow band of interlace. (i) A rearing animal with a pointed muzzle faces right. Its limbs develop into or are involved in interlace, one strand of which forms a Stafford Knot (simple pattern E) near the bottom right, but the detail is very worn. (ii) The horizontal band of interlace which forms the panel divider is very worn but from the central loop appears to be half-pattern A. (iii) The lower panel has a three-quarter length frontal figure. He has hair or a halo which stands slightly away from his head and ends in out-turning curls above his shoulders. He has an under-tunic with a double neckline. His robe drapes over his shoulders and hangs in lightly modelled stylised folds on either side. It also drapes over his right arm with which he holds a book in front of him, concealing his left arm. His eyes are drilled. There are pellets, or perhaps vestigial traces of capitals, on either side of his head.

B (narrow): This face is almost completely worn away, but there were two panels, both with traces of apparently single animals, that in the lower panel with its limbs involved in interlace.

C (broad): This face also has two panels separated by a worn but apparently plain flat border. (i) The upper panel has a long-necked rearing animal, the head backward turned and as if seen from above and pointing to the top right. As far as one can tell, all its limbs seem to extend downwards and they are involved in interlace possibly developing from its tail. It is however very worn. (ii) The lower panel has an animal quite convincingly portrayed as seated on its haunches, facing left. It has a long, blunt-jawed head and pricked ears. One delicate foreleg is raised before it, the other supports its raised forequarters. Its hindleg/tail loops around its foreleg and then rises behind its back where it twists and then terminates in two Stafford Knots (simple pattern E).

D (narrow): This face has the remains of three panels divided by narrow flat mouldings. All have single animals involved in interlace. (i) The top panel is the most worn, but appears to show a quadruped facing left or possibly with head turned back. (ii) The next has a long-legged animal facing left and with head turned back, its rear limbs involved in interlace, one strand of which curves round behind its body. (iii) The lowest panel has an animal with a blunt-jawed head turned right but the stance of the animal is not certain: its head may be backward-turned. One strand develops from an ear lappet and another perhaps from the tail: these twist around each other on the left side of the panel and one clearly crosses in front of the animal's neck, to form the curling clubbed tip clearly visible on the right.

This shaft clearly looks back to the cross-shaft, Otley 2 (Ills. 568–71), although the beasts involved in interlace are evidently much developed from the original format. The dished halo at Otley has given way to the more stylised version with curled ends as on Leeds 1 (Ills. 482–4). Another echo of the great Otley cross is the stepped lower part of the shaft with its horizontal interlace emphasising the transition between the upper and lower parts of the shaft, making this another version of the 'round-shaft derivative' as on Collingham 1, where the transitional frame is decorated with plant-scroll (Ills. 166–9). Otley 2 also has a stepped base, there emphasised by the use of cable moulding.

Cramp (1978a, 10) placed this shaft at the very end of the ninth century, with an animal type which 'leads straight into the Anglo-Scandinavian types of the next phase'. Inspiration drawn from earlier cross-shafts at Otley and both Ilkley 1 and 2 is apparent in the stance and disposition of these large animals (see Chap. V, p. 57).

Mid to late ninth century

Haigh 1856–7, 533; Pettigrew 1864, 308, 310, 312, pl. 21, fig. 3; Whitaker 1878, 283–5, fig. on 284; Hatton and Fox 1880, 22, pl. facing 24; Morant 1881, 42, 44, fig. on 43; Allen 1884a, 164–5, 171; Allen 1885, 348; Allen and Browne 1885, 353; Browne 1885c, 157, 158, pl. VIII; Collyer and Horsfall Turner 1885, 40–1, fig. on 41; Allen 1890, 295, 296, 309; Allen 1891, 166–7, no. 3; Glynne 1898, 346; Speight 1900, 197–9, pl. on 200; Allen 1903, 254, no. 653; Morris 1911, 46, 277; Collingwood 1912, 129; Prior and Gardner 1912, 122; Collingwood 1915a, 185, 188, 190, 192, 266, 275, 290, figs. i–l on 191; Collingwood 1916–18, 38–9, fig. 9; Brøndsted 1924, 56–8, figs. 45, 51, 52; Collingwood 1927, 48–9, 51, 75, fig. 61; Kendrick 1938, 200; Dauncey 1941, 117, fig. 17; Mee 1941, 199, pl. facing 80; Pevsner 1959, 277; Taylor, H. M. 1968a, 330; Cramp 1978a, 10; Faull 1986b, 31, 34, 37–40, pl. IX; Lang 1991, 140; Cramp 1992, 228; Marshall 1996, n.p.; Adcock 2002, I, 109n, 111–12, III, appendix pl. 10a–b; Hawkes 2006a, 107

[1] The following are general references to the Ilkley stones: Camden 1607, 567–8; Gough 1789, III, 239; Whitaker 1812, 217; Hatton and Fox 1880, 12; Browne 1880–4a, lxxiv; (–––) 1882a, 384; Cobley 1882, 127–8; Allen 1883, 53–6; Allen 1884, 158–61; Allen and Browne 1885, 353; Browne 1885c, 157; Allen 1889, 12, 158, 226, 227; Allen 1890, 293, 295; Irvine 1894, 328–9; Bogg 1904, fig. on 31; MacMichael 1906, 362; Collingwood 1915b, 328, 331; Browne 1916, 50; Collingwood 1932, 51, 53; Brown 1937, 213; Pevsner 1959, 20, 277; Taylor, H. M., 1968a, 330; Faull 1981, 218, 219; Faull 1986b, 29, 31, 37–40, pl. IX; Ryder 1991, 30; Ryder 1993, 160; Cambridge 1995b, 146–7; Hadley 2000a, 237, 238; Hawkes 2003a, 81–2; Butler 2006, 93.