Volume 5: Lincolnshire

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Current Display: Lincoln (St Mark) 07, Lincolnshire Forward button Back button
Overview
Present Location
See Lincoln (St Mark) no. 1.
Evidence for Discovery
See Lincoln (St Mark) no. 1.
Church Dedication
St Mark
Present Condition
Upper surface slightly weathered and abraded, but crudely shaved or roughened at the head end
Description

The greater part of a flat rectangular grave-cover with incised decoration on its upper surface only. The stone was slightly damaged in secondary use at the head end and trimmed along one complete side. Intact original surface on the other side shows the edges to have been slightly battered.

A (top): The design consists of a rectangular cross of type A1 marked out by a double incised channel of U section. In the three surviving directions the cross-arms extend to the cover's edge. Above the cross-arms on both sides an uncarved panel is reserved on three sides by an incised line. Below the cross-arms are two smaller rectangular crosses, also sharply incised. The feet of all three crosses are missing.

Discussion

With its simple incised decorative scheme based on type A1 crosses, this cover is typical of the Lincoln products represented at St Mark's. In design and execution it is closely linked with St Mark 11 and 17 (Ills. 250, 256): though their petrology appears not to be identical, it is probably local to Lincoln. The iconography of three crosses, two flanking and supporting the central dominant one, referring to Calvary and the redemptive power of the Crucifixion, is unusually explicitly Christian among the later pre-Conquest sculpture of the county. As Stocker (1986a, 60, citing Lionard 1961, 101–5) has noted, however, the theme is a long-lived one in Merovingian and insular sculpture, and is represented locally in the elaborate schemes of Hackthorn 1 and Lincoln City (Broadgate) 1, perhaps in the first half of the tenth century (Ills. 187–9, 231), and in the cover at Howell of the eleventh century (Ill. 220), and in later post-Conquest examples in the region (Butler 1964, 113). The later tenth- to eleventh-century date given by the St Mark's excavation fits well with the suggestion that the Hackthorn/Broadgate cover type may have influenced this as it did other products in the St Mark's collection.

Date
Later tenth or eleventh century
References
Colyer 1976, 8, fig. 3.9; Rodwell 1981, 160, fig. 77; Stocker 1986a, 56, 60, 64, no. I/3, fig. 46
Endnotes

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